In the aftermath, Edward reinvigorated the building programme and ordered the commencement of work at Beaumaris. Conwy and Harlech were kept supplied by sea and held out against the attack, but Caernarfon, still only partially completed, was stormed. Fresh Welsh revolts followed in 1294 under the leadership of Madog ap Llywelyn. The project was hugely expensive and stretched royal resources to the limit. He created new fortified towns, protected by castles, in which English immigrants could settle and administer the territories. Edward defeated the local Welsh princes in a major campaign and set about permanently colonising the area. The fortifications form part of the Ring of Iron built by Edward I after his invasion of North Wales in 1282. UNESCO considers the sites to be the "finest examples of late 13th century and early 14th century military architecture in Europe". It includes the castles of Beaumaris and Harlech and the castles and town walls of Caernarfon and Conwy. The Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd is a UNESCO-designated World Heritage Site located in Gwynedd, Wales. Location of castles and town walls in WalesĬaernarfon Castle & Caernarfon town walls
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